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The tributary rivers , , and flow into the Vrbas at Banja Luka. It became the seat of the some time prior to 1554, until 1580 when the was established. There is a substantial evidence of the presence in the region during the first few centuries A. Both had a focal depth of 33. During the war from 1992-95 some 60,000 people, mostly Bosniaks and Croats, left Banja Luka.
Traditionally, it has been the centre of the region, located in the northwestern part of the country. According to the 2013 census, Banja Luka has 185,042 inhabitants. It is home of the as well as numerous state and entity institutions of Bosnia and Herzegovina. The city lies on the river and is well known in the countries of the for being full of tree-lined avenues, boulevards, gardens and parks. In modern usage, the name is pronounced and usually u Banjaluci as one word, and often written as such; the citizens reportedly prefer the form with inflected adjective u Banjoj Luci. Banja Luka covers some 96. The city is located at. Banja Luka's downtown is at 163 m 534. The source of the Vrbas River is about 90 km 56 mi to the south. The tributary rivers , , and flow into the Vrbas at Banja Luka. Banja Luka has also a number of close by. The area around Banja Luka is mostly woodland, although there are mountains a little further from the city. The city itself is built in the Banja Luka valley, which is located at the transition between high and low mountain areas. The most notable of these mountains are Manjača 1,214 m , Čemernica 1,338 m , and Tisovac. These are all part of the mountain range. The warmest month of the year is July, with an average temperature of 22. The coldest month of the year is January, when temperatures average near freezing at 1. Annual precipitation for Banja Luka is about 1,037. Banja Luka has an average of 104 rainy days a year. Due to the city's latitude, it snows in Banja Luka almost every year. Strong winds come from the north and northeast. Sometimes southern winds which bring hot weather are also prevalent. Climate data for Banja Luka Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year Record high °C °F 22. There is a substantial evidence of the presence in the region during the first few centuries A. The area of Banja Luka was entirely in the kingdom of Illyria and then a part of the Roman province of , which split into provinces of and of which Castra became a part. Ancient Illyrian maps call the settlement in Banja Luka's present day location as Ad Ladios, a settlement located on the river. Middle Ages Further information: Slavs settled in the Balkans in the 6th century. Medieval fortresses in the vicinity of Banja Luka include 1224 , župa Zemljanik 1287 , 1323 , Zvečaj 1404 , and Bočac 1446. Ottoman rule Banja Luka fell to the Ottomans in 1527. It became the seat of the some time prior to 1554, until 1580 when the was established. Bosnian beylerbeys were seated in Banja Luka until 1639. Among more important commissions were the and mosques during which construction a plumbing infrastructure was laid that served surrounding residential areas. This stimulated the economic and urban development of Banja Luka, which soon became one of the leading commercial and political centres in Bosnia. It was also sanjak centre in Bosna Eyalet. In 1688, the city was burned down by the army, but it quickly recovered. Later periodic intrusions by the Austrian army stimulated military developments in Banja Luka, which made it into a strategic military centre. Orthodox churches and monasteries near Banja Luka were built in the 19th century. Also, and migrated to the city in the 19th century and contributed to the early industrialisation of the region by building mills, breweries, brick factories, textile factories and other important structures. In 1835 and 1836, during the Ottoman administration, numerous people from the Banja Luka Krajina emigrated to , and , the villages around Loznica, and to. Austro-Hungarian rule Banja Luka, Nova iskra 1899. For all its leadership to the region however, Banja Luka as a city was not modernised until in the late 19th century that brought to Banja Luka. Railroads, schools, factories, and infrastructure appeared, and were developed, which led to a modern city Yugoslavia After World War I, the town became the capital of the , a province of the. The provincial capital owed its rapid progress to the first Ban Svetislav Milosavljević. During that time, the Banski dvor and its twin sister, the Administration building, the Serbian Orthodox Church of the Holy Trinity, a theatre and a museum were built, the Grammar School was renovated, the Teachers College enlarged, a city bridge was also built and the park renovated. Banja Luka naturally became the organisational centre of anti-fascist work in the region. World War II During World War II, Banja Luka was part of the. Most of Banja Luka's Serbs and Jews were deported to concentration camps such as and. On 7 February 1942, paramilitaries, led by a Franciscan monk, aka Tomislav Filipović-Majstorović , killed more than 2,300 Serbs among them 500 children in Drakulić, Motike and Šargovac a part of the Banja Luka municipality. The city's Orthodox church of the Holy Trinity was totally demolished by the , as was the Church of St. The Bishop of Banja Luka, Platon Jovanović, was arrested by the Ustaše on 5 May 1941, and was tortured and killed. His body was thrown into the. The city was liberated by the on 22 April 1945. Around 20 to 23 people were killed, and over a thousand injured. A large building called Titanik in the centre of the town was razed to the ground, and the area was later turned into a central public square. With contributions from all over Yugoslavia, Banja Luka was repaired and rebuilt. That was a period when a large Serb population moved to the city from the surrounding villages, and from more distant areas in Herzegovina. The Ferhat Pasha Mosque, erected in 1579, was demolished in 1993. Following meticulous reconstruction it was opened again in 2016. Nearly all of Banja Luka's Croats and Bosniaks were expelled during the war and all of the city's 16 mosques including the were destroyed. Later, an estimated 40,000 Serbs from Croat- and Bosniak-dominated areas of Bosnia, having been exiled from their homes, settled in Banja Luka. However, the Banja Luka district court later overturned the ruling stating that the claims had exceeded a three-year statute of limitations. The Bosniak community vowed to appeal against the decision. On 7 May 2001, several thousand Serb nationalists attacked a group of Bosniaks and members of the diplomatic corps attending a ceremony of marking the reconstruction of the historic 16th-century. There were indications of police collaboration. More than 30 individuals were injured during the attack, and on 26 May, Murat Badić, who had been in a coma after the attack, died from head injuries. Fourteen Bosnian Serb nationalists were jailed for starting the riots. Street map of the city. The 2013 census in Bosnia indicated a population of 185,042, overwhelmingly Serbs. During the war from 1992-95 some 60,000 people, mostly Bosniaks and Croats, left Banja Luka. Ethnic composition Ethnicity Number Percentage 165,750 89. Banja Luka is the centre of the government for the Municipality of Banja Luka. A number of entity and state institutions are seated in the city. The Republika Srpska Government and the are based in Banja Luka. The Bosnia and Herzegovina State Agencies based in the city include the Indirect Taxation VAT Authority, the Deposit Insurance Agency as well as a branch of the formerly the National Bank of Republika Srpska. This section needs additional citations for. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. December 2015 Although the city itself was not directly affected by the Bosnian war in the early 1990s, its economy was. For four years, Banja Luka fell behind the world in key areas such as technology, resulting in a rather stagnant economy. However, in recent years, the financial services sector has gained in importance in the city. In 2002, the trading began on the newly established. The number of companies listed, the trading volume and the number of investors have increased significantly. A number of big companies such as , Rafinerija ulja Modriča, and Vitaminka are all listed on the exchange and are traded regularly. Investors, apart from those from , Croatia and , now include a number of investment funds from the EU, and from , USA, Japan and China. A number of financial services regulators, such as the and the RS Banking Agency are headquartered in Banja Luka. This, along with the fact that some of the major banks in Bosnia, the Deposit Insurance Agency and the VAT authority are all based in the city, has helped Banja Luka establish itself as a major financial centre of the country. Museum of Modern Art of Republika Srpska The Museum of inherited the Ethnographic Museum established in 1930, and broadened its setting with collections of archeology, history, art history and nature. The , also called MSURS, the Museum of Contemporary Art, displays exhibitions of both domestic and worldwide artists. Banja Luka is home to the National Theatre and National Library, both dating from the first half of the 20th century, and of numerous other theatres. The headquarters of the is situated in the building known as Carska kuća or Imperial House, built around 1880. It has been in continuous public use longer than any other structure in Banja Luka. In 2009 Banja Luka was host of World Cup in rafting. Banja Luka has one major stadium and several indoor sports halls. The local , basketball and football teams bear the traditional name fighter. The club has won several major trophies in its history such as trophies as a champion of , , , , ,. They have participated in and. The city has a long tradition of handball. Recently, tennis has taken on a bigger role in the city. The Banja Luka Challenger takes place in September each year. In 2005, the European Championships in were held on the Vrbas river. Since 2015, the city hosts the Banjaluka Half-marathon. Over thirty bus lines connect downtown with the rest of the city and its suburbs. The oldest bus link in the city is line No 1. Taxis are also readily available. A wide range of bus services are available to most neighbouring and larger towns in Bosnia and Herzegovina, as well as to regional and European destinations such as Austria, Belgium, Croatia, Germany, France, Italy, Montenegro, The Netherlands, Serbia, Sweden, Switzerland and Slovakia. Banja Luka is the hub of the railway services of , comprising one half of the railway network of. Services operate to most northern Bosnian towns, and two modern air-conditioned 'Talgo' trains run to every day. However, services relatively slow and infrequent compared with neighbouring countries. The airport is served by , which operates daily flights to. There is also , a small airstrip. Baseline climate means 1961-1990 from stations all over the world in German. Retrieved 22 November 2016. Global station data 1961—1990—Sunshine Duration. Retrieved 29 January 2016. Pleiades: a gazetteer of past places. Бања Лука је постала сједиште босанског санџака нешто прије 1554 и остала то све до 1580 када је основан босански пашалук. У Бањој Луци су столовали и босански беглербези све до године 1639. The Ottoman Empire, the Balkans, the Greek lands: toward a social and economic history: studies in honor of John C. Retrieved 26 March 2013. The earthquake location was 44. Both had a focal depth of 33. Comparison of other earthquakes mentioned shows that this is 6. That tremor measured 5. Retrieved 30 March 2010. Retrieved 13 March 2016. The New York Times. Retrieved 30 March 2010. Balkan Investigative Reporting Network. Archived from on 20 February 2010. Archived from the original on 18 February 2009. Retrieved 30 March 2010. The New York Times. Retrieved 30 March 2010. Archived from on 11 May 2015. Retrieved 30 March 2010. Retrieved 22 July 2016. Archived from on 14 October 2012. Retrieved 26 March 2013. Archived from PDF on 14 October 2006. Archived from PDF on 5 October 2013. Retrieved 26 March 2013. Atlas svijeta: Novi pogled na Zemlju in Croatian 3rd ed. Zagreb: Sveučilišna naklada Liber. Retrieved 26 March 2013. Administrative Office of the City of Banja Luka in Serbian. Archived from on 2011-09-17.
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